Antik yazarlara g\u00f6re k\u00f6keni Troia Sava\u015f\u0131’na kadar uzanan Antandros’un ge\u00e7en y\u00fczy\u0131llar boyunca tarih sahnesinde b\u0131rakt\u0131\u011f\u0131 izleri a\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki zaman \u00e7izelgesinden takip edebilirsiniz. M\u00d6 13. y\u00fczy\u0131ldan MS 18. y\u00fczy\u0131lda yeniden ke\u015ffedili\u015fine ve 2000’lerde ba\u015flayan ilk bilimsel \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalara kadar Antandros hakk\u0131nda her \u015fey…<\/p>\n
Vergilius’un Aeneas Destan\u0131’ndan elde etti\u011fimiz bilgilere g\u00f6re, Antandros \u0130da Da\u011f\u0131\u2019ndan elde edilen kerestelerin ihra\u00e7 edildi\u011fi limanlar\u0131 ve gemi yap\u0131mc\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131yla \u00fcnl\u00fc tersaneleriyle, ge\u00e7mi\u015fi Troia Sava\u015f\u0131\u2019na kadar geriye giden bir kenttir.<\/p>\n
At hilesiyle Troia’n\u0131n d\u00fc\u015fmesinin ard\u0131ndan, klan\u0131yla birlikte kentten ayr\u0131lan Aeneas, da\u011f yollar\u0131n\u0131 kullanarak \u0130da’y\u0131 a\u015far ve gemi yapt\u0131r\u0131p atalar\u0131n\u0131n topraklar\u0131na yola \u00e7\u0131kma plan\u0131yla Antandros’a gelir.<\/p>\n
Antandros nekropol\u00fcnde kaz\u0131lan en erken mezar M\u00d6 Ge\u00e7 8. y\u00fczy\u0131la ait bir \u00e7ocuk mezar\u0131d\u0131r. Bu mezar bug\u00fcne kadar Antandros’da elde edilen en erken arkeolojik kan\u0131tt\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Kafkas halklar\u0131ndan olan Kimmerler, \u0130skit bask\u0131s\u0131 sonucu Kafkasya ge\u00e7idini a\u015farak M\u00d6 8. y\u00fczy\u0131l sonunda Do\u011fu Anadolu\u2019ya ula\u015fm\u0131\u015flard\u0131r. Urartu ve Assurlularla sava\u015ft\u0131ktan sonra Orta Anadolu’ya ge\u00e7mi\u015flerdir. Frig devletini yenip Midas’\u0131 \u00f6ld\u00fcren Kimmerler, bat\u0131ya ilerleyi\u015flerini s\u00fcrd\u00fcr\u00fcp Lydia ile m\u00fccadele i\u00e7ine girmi\u015flerdir. Lydia kral\u0131 Gyges M\u00d6 663’te kazanmas\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131n, 652’de a\u011f\u0131r bir yenilgi alm\u0131\u015f ve sava\u015f meydan\u0131nda \u00f6lm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr. Bu tarihten sonra Kimmerlerin bir b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc kuzeye ilerler ve Antandros\u2019a yerle\u015firler. Kimmerlerin Antandros\u2019taki i\u015fgaline M\u00d6 570\u2032li y\u0131llarda Lydia kral\u0131 Alyattes\u2019in o\u011flu Kroisos son vermi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
\u00dcnl\u00fc kad\u0131n \u015fair Sappho ile ayn\u0131 d\u00f6nemde ya\u015fam\u0131\u015f olan Mytilene’li \u015fair Alkaios Antandros’un bir Leleg yerle\u015fimi oldu\u011funu s\u00f6yler.<\/p>\n
\u0130lk olarak Yol\u00fcst\u00fc sekt\u00f6r\u00fcnde kar\u015f\u0131m\u0131za \u00e7\u0131kan, daha sonra di\u011fer sekt\u00f6rlerde de g\u00f6zlemlenen ve M\u00d6 6. y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131n ilk yar\u0131s\u0131na tarihlenen g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc bir yang\u0131n tabakas\u0131, Kimmerlerin Antandros\u2019dan s\u00fcr\u00fclmesine yol a\u00e7an sava\u015f\u0131n izleri oldu\u011fu d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncesini akla getirmi\u015ftir. Ancak bug\u00fcne kadar Kimmerler’e ait oldu\u011fu net bi\u00e7imde belli olan hi\u00e7bir materyal bulunamam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Pers \u015eah\u0131 Darius’un komutanlar\u0131ndan Megabazos’un ard\u0131l\u0131 Otanes, Antandros da dahil olmak \u00fczere Kuzey Ege’de yer alan Yunan kentlerini ele ge\u00e7irdi. Kaleta\u015f\u0131 Tepesi’nde oldu\u011fu bilinen bir Pers Garnizonu bu d\u00f6nemde kurulmu\u015f olmal\u0131d\u0131r. \u0130da Da\u011f\u0131’ndaki kereste \u00fczerindeki hakimiyeti ve gemi yap\u0131mc\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131yla \u00fcnl\u00fc tersaneleri tarih boyunca Antandros’a stratejik bir \u00f6nem kazand\u0131rm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Anadolu’daki Pers hakimiyetine kar\u015f\u0131 Yunan’\u0131n ilk tepkisi, Miletos \u00f6nderli\u011finde ba\u015flayan \u0130onia isyan\u0131d\u0131r. \u0130syan Atina’n\u0131n da deste\u011fiyle Sardes’e d\u00fczenlenen bir sald\u0131r\u0131ya d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015fm\u00fc\u015f; Persler’in tepkisi ise \u00e7ok gecikmemi\u015ftir. Antandros’un bu isyana kat\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131na dair herhangi bir bilgi bulunmamaktad\u0131r. Kentte Pers garzinonunun varl\u0131\u011f\u0131 hala devam etmektedir.<\/p>\n
\u0130onia isyan\u0131n\u0131 kolayl\u0131kla bast\u0131ran Pers \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu, t\u00fcm Yunanistan’\u0131 fethetmek ve Atina’y\u0131 cezaland\u0131rmak i\u00e7in iki b\u00fcy\u00fck sefer d\u00fczenlemi\u015ftir. Darius’un ba\u015far\u0131s\u0131z olan ilk seferinden sonra, o\u011flu Kserkses y\u00f6netimindeki ikinci Pers ordusu Atina’y\u0131 ele ge\u00e7irmi\u015f ancak Salamis deniz sava\u015f\u0131nda ba\u015far\u0131s\u0131z olarak K\u0131ta Yunanistan’dan k\u0131smen \u00e7ekilmi\u015ftir. Bir y\u0131l sonra ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131\u011f\u0131na tekrar kavu\u015fan Yunan kentleri, Anadolu’daki Yunan kentlerine de \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fck getirmek i\u00e7in Persler’e kar\u015f\u0131 birlik olunmas\u0131 gerekti\u011fini d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnerek harekete ge\u00e7mi\u015flerdir.<\/p>\n
Herodotos, Pers kral\u0131 Kserkses\u2019in M\u00d6 483 y\u0131l\u0131nda Yunanistan\u2019a yapaca\u011f\u0131 seferin haz\u0131rl\u0131klar\u0131na ve ordunun izledi\u011fi g\u00fczerg\u00e2ha de\u011finir. Herodotos\u2019un anlat\u0131m\u0131na g\u00f6re: ‘Ordu, Lydia\u2019dan Kaikos Irma\u011f\u0131\u2019na ve Mysia\u2019ya y\u00f6neldi; Kaikos\u2019u ge\u00e7tikten Sonra Kane Da\u011f\u0131\u2019n\u0131 soluna alarak Aternaos i\u00e7inden Karene kentine do\u011fru y\u00fcr\u00fcd\u00fc. Bu kentten sonra Adramytteion kenti ve Pelasg sitesi Antandros\u2019u ge\u00e7erek Thebe Ovas\u0131\u2019na indi. Ve orada gece \u0130da eteklerinde konaklam\u0131\u015fken bora patlad\u0131, zigzag gezinen y\u0131ld\u0131r\u0131mlar d\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc ve olduk\u00e7a \u00f6nemli say\u0131da kay\u0131p verildi'(Herodotos, 7.43).<\/p>\n
Yunan-Pers Sava\u015flar\u0131’n\u0131n ard\u0131ndan, Persler’e kar\u015f\u0131 bir ittifak olarak Atina \u00f6nderli\u011finde kurulan Attika-Delos Deniz Birli\u011fi zaman i\u00e7erisinden Atina hegemonyas\u0131nda bir konfederasyona d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015fm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr. Birli\u011fe \u00fcye olman\u0131n mecburi, \u00e7\u0131kman\u0131n imkans\u0131z hale geldi\u011fi d\u00f6nem, Sparta etraf\u0131nda birle\u015fen rakip kentlerle yap\u0131lan y\u0131k\u0131c\u0131 sava\u015flara kadar devam etmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
Hen\u00fcz M\u00d6 1. y\u00fczy\u0131lda ilk kez Cicero taraf\u0131ndan ‘tarihin babas\u0131’ olarak an\u0131lan Herodotos, Kserkses’in Yunanistan\u2019a yapaca\u011f\u0131 seferin g\u00fczergah\u0131ndan bahsederken, Antandros’un bir Pelasg kenti oldu\u011fundan bahseder. Eserini muhtemelen 5. y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131n \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc \u00e7eyre\u011finde yazm\u0131\u015f olan Herodotos, Antandros’tan bahseden en \u00f6nemli antik yazarlardan biridir.<\/p>\n
Antandros tarihinde ilk kez kendi ad\u0131na sikke bast\u0131rm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Artemis Astyrene k\u00fclt\u00fcne ba\u011fl\u0131 olarak \u00f6n y\u00fcz\u00fcnde Artemis, arka y\u00fcz\u00fcnde ke\u00e7i olan sikkeler g\u00fcm\u00fc\u015f ve bronz olarak \u00fcretilmi\u015fti. Artemis sikkeleri M\u00d6 350’ye kadar bas\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Lesbos (Midilli) Adas\u0131’n\u0131n t\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fc ele ge\u00e7irmek ve Attika-Delos Deniz Birli\u011fi’inden \u00e7\u0131kmak isteyen b\u00f6lgenin en g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc kent-devleti Mytilene, isyan haz\u0131rl\u0131klar\u0131 yaparken Atina’n\u0131n radar\u0131na girmi\u015ftir. Hemen Sparta ve Boetia’dan yard\u0131m talep eden Mytilene, adan\u0131n di\u011fer \u00f6nemli kentlerinden, Atina m\u00fcttefiki Methymna’y\u0131 ku\u015fatm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. \u00c7ok ge\u00e7meden adaya ayak basan Atina hoplitleri, hen\u00fcz Sparta taraf\u0131 yard\u0131m getirmeden Mytilene’yi ele ge\u00e7irmi\u015f ve isyan\u0131 sonland\u0131rm\u0131\u015flard\u0131r. 427’de adaya ula\u015fan Sparta filosunun ise yard\u0131m\u0131 olmam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Rakamlar farkl\u0131 olsa da, Atina’n\u0131n isyanc\u0131lara kar\u015f\u0131 ac\u0131mas\u0131z olduklar\u0131 kesindir.<\/p>\n
Atina’n\u0131n kanla bast\u0131rd\u0131\u011f\u0131 isyandan ka\u00e7an Mytileneliler, onlara yard\u0131m eden Peloponnesoslu askerlerle birlikte Antandros’u i\u015fgal ederler. Burada gemi yapt\u0131r\u0131p g\u00fc\u00e7 toplayarak vatanlar\u0131n\u0131 geri alma d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncesinde olan Mytileneliler, o d\u00f6nem Atina’ya yak\u0131nla\u015fan Antandros halk\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan ho\u015f kar\u015f\u0131lanmaz.<\/p>\n
The dominance of the Mytilene exiles on Antandros was soon ended by the Athenian fleet.<\/p>\n
Ayn\u0131 k\u0131\u015f, Khios\u2019lular, onlar\u0131n ayaklanmas\u0131ndan korkan Atinal\u0131lar\u2019\u0131n (oysa Atinal\u0131lar\u2019a rehine vermi\u015f, yasalar\u0131nda hi\u00e7 bir de\u011fi\u015fiklik yapmayacaklar\u0131n\u0131 s\u00f6ylemi\u015flerdi) iste\u011fiyle, yeni surlar\u0131n\u0131 y\u0131kt\u0131lar. K\u0131\u015f ve Thukydides\u2019in anlatt\u0131\u011f\u0131 sava\u015f\u0131n yedi y\u0131l\u0131 sona erdi. (\u00a0Diodoros Siculus\u00a0<\/em>)<\/p><\/blockquote>\n
425 BC\u2014421 BC<\/h3>\n
Antandros is a member of Attica-Delos Sea League<\/h3>\n
Atina’n\u0131n Antandros \u00fczerindeki kesin hakimiyetiyle birlikte, kent i\u00e7in Atina \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu’na d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015fen Attika-Delos Deniz Birli\u011fi \u00fcyeli\u011fi de ba\u015flam\u0131\u015f oluyor. Troas b\u00f6lgesindeki kentleri ‘Aktaia-Poleis’ ad\u0131 alt\u0131nda birle\u015ftiren Atina, Antandros’tan 425 y\u0131l\u0131nda 15 talent (IG i\u00b3 71.iii.125) ve 421 y\u0131l\u0131nda 8 talent (IG i\u00b3 77.iv.15) vergi alm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Antandros 410’lu y\u0131llarda, de\u011fi\u015fen politik durum nedeniyle tekrar taraf de\u011fi\u015ftirmek durumunda kalacakt\u0131r. Peloponnesos Sava\u015f\u0131’n\u0131n en hararetli y\u0131llar\u0131na denk gelen bu tarihler, gemi yap\u0131mc\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131yla \u00fcnl\u00fc Antandros’u tarihinde hi\u00e7 olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 kadar \u00f6nemli hale getirmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
415 BC\u2014404 BC<\/h3>\n
Alkibiades<\/h3>\n
Peloponnesos Sava\u015flar\u0131’n\u0131n son d\u00f6nemine damga vuran ki\u015fisi Alkibiades, eylemleriyle t\u00fcm sava\u015f\u0131n kaderini etkilemi\u015ftir. 415 y\u0131l\u0131nda Atina’y\u0131 Sicilya maceras\u0131na s\u00fcr\u00fcklemi\u015f; bozgunla sonu\u00e7lanan sava\u015f\u0131n neticesinde, yarg\u0131lanaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 anlayarak Sparta’ya yak\u0131nla\u015fm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Stratejik dehas\u0131ndan faydalanmak isteyen Sparta’ya, Atina’n\u0131n Anadolu’daki m\u00fcttefikleriyle ba\u011f\u0131n\u0131 koparmas\u0131 tavsiyesinde bulunmu\u015f ve bu sefere liderlik etmi\u015ftir. Mytilene, Miletos, Khios’un yan\u0131nda muhtemelen Antandros’daki Atina hakimiyeti bu tarihte son bulmu\u015ftur.<\/p>\n
413 BC\u2014412 BC<\/h3>\n
Antandros is again under Persian rule<\/h3>\n
K\u0131sa s\u00fcrede Sparta’n\u0131n da g\u00f6z\u00fcnden d\u00fc\u015fen Alkibiades yakalan\u0131p \u00f6ld\u00fcr\u00fclece\u011fini anlay\u0131nca bu kez de Persler’e s\u0131\u011f\u0131nm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Verdi\u011fi tavsiyelerle d\u00f6nemin g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc satrap\u0131 Tissaphernes’in g\u00f6z\u00fcne giren Alkibiades, tersaneleri nedeniyle stratejik \u00f6neme sahip olan Antandros’un Persler taraf\u0131ndan yeniden kontrol alt\u0131na al\u0131nmas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bu d\u00f6nemde tepeye yeni bir Pers garnizonu yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n
411 BC\u2014410 BC<\/h3>\n
Antandros Sparta yard\u0131m\u0131yla Persler’i kentten kovuyor<\/h3>\n
Bu d\u00f6nemde iki taraf aras\u0131nda, Alkibiades’in \u00f6nerisiyle bekle-g\u00f6r politikas\u0131 uygulayan Persler, Abydos’taki karargahlar\u0131na yol alan Sparta askerlerinin yard\u0131m\u0131 sayesinde Antandros’tan kovulurlar. Antandros bu kez de Sparta taraf\u0131na ge\u00e7mi\u015ftir. Thukydides’ten \u00f6\u011frendi\u011fimiz kadar\u0131yla Tissaphernes Spartal\u0131lar’a bu yard\u0131mlar\u0131 nedeniyle k\u0131zar. (Thukydides 8.109)<\/p>\n
409 BC<\/h3>\n
Persler Antandros’u yeniden ele ge\u00e7iriyor<\/h3>\n
Thukydides’in kitab\u0131 tam bu esnada biter, hikayenin devam\u0131n\u0131 bir ba\u015fka \u00f6nemli tarih\u00e7i Ksenophon’dan \u00f6\u011freniriz. 410 y\u0131l\u0131nda Kyzikos muharebesinde a\u011f\u0131r bir yenilgi alan Spartal\u0131lar, y\u00fczlerini tekrar Persler’e d\u00f6nmek zorunda kal\u0131rlar. Bu sava\u015fta Spartal\u0131lar’\u0131n g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc olmas\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6nemli oldu\u011funun fark\u0131nda olan yeni satrap Pharnabazos, Antandros’ta istedikleri kadar gemi yapmalar\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6\u011f\u00fctler ve gerekli para ve kayna\u011f\u0131 sa\u011flar.<\/p>\n
409 BC\u2014408 BC<\/h3>\n
Syrakusaians help repair Antandros city walls<\/h3>\n
Atina’n\u0131n Sicilya seferinden beri Sparta kuvvetleriyle birlikte hareket eden Syracusal\u0131lar, bu d\u00f6nemde yerle\u015ftikleri Antandros’a b\u00fcy\u00fck katk\u0131 verirler. Hem surlar\u0131n tamamlanmas\u0131na yard\u0131m ederler, hem de kenti koruyarak, Antandroslular\u0131n g\u00f6n\u00fcllerini kazan\u0131rlar. Antandroslular da bu ki\u015filere iyiliksever \u00fcnvan\u0131 verirler ve vatanda\u015fl\u0131k hakk\u0131 tan\u0131rlar.<\/p>\n
407 BC\u2014395 BC<\/h3>\n
Lysandros<\/h3>\n
Tarihe Peloponnessos Sava\u015flar\u0131’n\u0131 Sparta’ya kazand\u0131ran b\u00fcy\u00fck komutan olarak ge\u00e7mi\u015ftir. Donanman\u0131n ba\u015f\u0131nda kald\u0131\u011f\u0131 iki \u00f6nemli deniz sava\u015f\u0131n\u0131 kazanarak Atina donanmas\u0131n\u0131 yoketmi\u015ftir. Bu d\u00f6nemde Antandros tersanelerini etkin bi\u00e7imde kulland\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 Ksenophon’dan \u00f6\u011frenmekteyiz. Kyros ile yak\u0131n bir arkada\u015fl\u0131k kurmu\u015ftur. Atina’y\u0131 ele ge\u00e7irdikten sonra Sparta’n\u0131n K\u0131ta Yunanistan\u2019daki hakimiyetini peki\u015ftirmek i\u00e7in Thebes ile girdi\u011fi m\u00fccadele s\u0131ras\u0131nda \u015fanss\u0131z bi\u00e7imde \u00f6lm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr.<\/p>\n
405 BC<\/h3>\n
Aigospotamoi deniz sava\u015f\u0131 ve Atina’n\u0131n bozgunu<\/h3>\n
Peloponnessos sava\u015flar\u0131nda Kyros’un da deste\u011fiyle g\u00fcc\u00fcn\u00fc peki\u015ftiren Sparta ve m\u00fcttefikleri, \u00c7anakkale bo\u011faz\u0131 i\u00e7indeki Sestos kenti yak\u0131nlar\u0131nda yap\u0131lan sava\u015fta, Atina donanmas\u0131n\u0131 haz\u0131rl\u0131ks\u0131z yakalayarak yokeder. Bu b\u00fcy\u00fck yenilgi kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda Atina t\u00fcm donanmas\u0131n\u0131 ve sava\u015f\u0131 kaybeder.<\/p>\n
404 BC<\/h3>\n
Athens under siege on land and sea<\/h3>\n
Denizlerdeki hakimiyetini ve m\u00fcttefiklerini kaybeden Atina Sparta taraf\u0131ndan denizden ve karadan ku\u015fat\u0131l\u0131r. Pire liman\u0131ndan kente yard\u0131m gelmesini engelleyen Sparta Atina’y\u0131 a\u00e7l\u0131\u011fa mahkum eder ve birka\u00e7 ay sonra istedi\u011fi \u015fartlarda bir bar\u0131\u015f antla\u015fmas\u0131n\u0131 Atina’ya imzalat\u0131r.<\/p>\n
403 BC<\/h3>\n
Peloponnessos Sava\u015flar\u0131’n\u0131n ard\u0131ndan<\/h3>\n
27 y\u0131l boyunca \u015fiddetini artt\u0131rarak devam eden sava\u015f\u0131 Sparta kazanm\u0131\u015f olmas\u0131na ra\u011fmen, bu i\u00e7 sava\u015ftan t\u00fcm Yunan kentleri olumsuz etkilenmi\u015ftir. Sava\u015f\u0131n gizli galibi ise Pers \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu olmu\u015ftur. Bu tarihten sonra Anadolu’daki Yunan kentleri \u00fczerindeki hakimiyetini artt\u0131ran Persler, kendi taht kavgalar\u0131yla bo\u011fu\u015fmalar\u0131na ra\u011fmen B\u00fcy\u00fck \u0130skender’e kadar b\u00f6lgenin tek hakimi olmu\u015flard\u0131r.<\/p>\n
402 BC\u2014401 BC<\/h3>\n
Young Kyros and the ten-thousands<\/h3>\n
405 y\u0131l\u0131nda Darius II’in \u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcyle tahta ge\u00e7en Artaxerxes II’ye kar\u015f\u0131 k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck karde\u015fi Kyros isyan etmi\u015ftir. \u00d6zellikle Bat\u0131’daki etkinli\u011fini kullanarak \u00e7o\u011funlu\u011fu Yunanlardan olu\u015fan bir orduyla Babil’e kadar y\u00fcr\u00fcm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr. Burada yap\u0131lan sava\u015fta neredeyse kazanacakken, Karia satrap\u0131 Tissaphernes taraf\u0131ndan \u00f6ld\u00fcr\u00fclm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr. Sava\u015fta paral\u0131 asker olarak yer alan ve Kyros \u00f6l\u00fcnce ama\u00e7s\u0131z kalan Yunanlar\u0131n d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f hikayesi Ksenophon’un Anabasis adl\u0131 eseriyle \u00f6l\u00fcms\u00fczle\u015fmi\u015ftir. Bu sava\u015ftan sonra Artaxerxes II’nin 44 y\u0131l s\u00fcrecek iktidar\u0131 ba\u015flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n
400 BC\u2014300 BC<\/h3>\n
Antandros Rampart<\/h3>\n
Antandros Antik Kenti’nin M\u00d6 4. y\u00fczy\u0131l suru kaz\u0131lar s\u0131ras\u0131nda 20 metrelik b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc bulunmu\u015ftur. Bu tarihten \u00f6nce de surlar\u0131n\u0131n oldu\u011fu antik kaynaklardan bilinmekle birlikte hen\u00fcz ortaya \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lamam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. 3.26 metre kal\u0131nl\u0131\u011fa sahip olan rektagonal \u00f6rg\u00fcl\u00fc surun 7.50 x 7.40 metre \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fclerinde bir kulesi de ortaya \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n
400 BC\u2014250 BC<\/h3>\n
Antandros Apollo Coins<\/h3>\n
Antandros Artemis sikkelerinin ard\u0131ndan kentin di\u011fer k\u00fclt tanr\u0131s\u0131 Apollon’a adanan sikkeler dola\u015f\u0131ma girmi\u015ftir. Ba\u015f\u0131nda defne yapraklar\u0131yla s\u00fcslenmi\u015f Apollon ba\u015f\u0131n\u0131n resmedildi\u011fi sikkelerde, arka y\u00fczde k\u00fckreyen aslan ba\u015f\u0131 yer almaktad\u0131r. M\u00d6 250 y\u0131l\u0131na kadar bas\u0131lan sikkelerde kentin ad\u0131 genelde ANTAN olarak k\u0131salm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n
336 BC\u2014323 BC<\/h3>\n
Alexander the Great<\/h3>\n
III. \u0130skender, babas\u0131 II. Philippos’un suikast sonucu \u00f6lmesinin ard\u0131ndan Makedonya Kral\u0131 oldu. Persler’in Yunanlar \u00fczerindeki hakimiyetine son vermek i\u00e7in Anadolu’ya ge\u00e7ti ve destans\u0131 sava\u015flar sonras\u0131nda sadece Pers \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu’nu y\u0131kmakla kalmad\u0131, t\u00fcm antik d\u00fcnya tarihini de\u011fi\u015ftirdi.<\/p>\n
334 BC<\/h3>\n
War of Granikos<\/h3>\n
Troas B\u00f6lgesi’nde, Marmara Denizi’ne bakan Kap\u0131da\u011f yar\u0131madas\u0131n\u0131n bat\u0131s\u0131nda, Biga \u00c7ay\u0131’n\u0131n \u00fczerinde yap\u0131lan bu ilk sava\u015f \u0130skender’in askeri dehas\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6stermesi bak\u0131m\u0131ndan \u00f6nemlidir. Anadolu’daki Pers satraplar\u0131n\u0131n ve Yunan paral\u0131 askerlerinin olu\u015fturdu\u011fu Pers ordusu, \u0130skender’in ordusundan kalabal\u0131k olmas\u0131na ra\u011fmen, s\u00fcrpriz bir atakla ve \u015fok edici s\u00fcvari h\u00fccumuyla da\u011f\u0131lm\u0131\u015flard\u0131r. Bu sava\u015fla birlikte Antandros’un da dahil oldu\u011fu Troas b\u00f6lgesindeki Yunan kentleri Pers egemenli\u011finden tamamen kurtulmu\u015ftur.<\/p>\n
331 BC\u2014323 BC<\/h3>\n
Pers \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu’nun sonu<\/h3>\n
B\u00fcy\u00fck \u0130skender’in do\u011fu seferi iki b\u00fcy\u00fck sava\u015f ve say\u0131s\u0131z ku\u015fatma ile devam etmi\u015ftir. B\u00fcy\u00fck Pers ordusunu \u00f6nce \u0130ssos, daha sonra Gaugemela’da yenen \u0130skender, t\u00fcm Ortado\u011fu’y\u0131 fethetmi\u015f ve g\u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fc daha da do\u011fuya dikmi\u015ftir. Hindistan’\u0131 fethederken, askerlerinin isteksizlikleri nedeniyle, Babil’e geri d\u00f6nm\u00fc\u015f; zamans\u0131z bi\u00e7imde \u00f6lm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr. Geride ise 10 y\u0131l i\u00e7erisinde k\u00f6kten de\u011fi\u015fmi\u015f bir d\u00fcnya b\u0131rakm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bu d\u00f6nemde Anadolu’daki Yunan kentleri, b\u00fcy\u00fck g\u00fc\u00e7lerin g\u00f6lgesinde daha \u00f6nce hi\u00e7 olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 kadar \u00f6zg\u00fcrce ya\u015fama f\u0131rsat\u0131 bulacaklard\u0131r.<\/p>\n
330 BC\u201430 BC<\/h3>\n
Antandros during Hellenistic era<\/h3>\n
Kent devletlerin \u00f6nemini yitirdi\u011fi, b\u00fcy\u00fck krall\u0131klar\u0131n geni\u015f toprak par\u00e7alar\u0131na hakim olabilmek i\u00e7in \u00e7at\u0131\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131 Hellenistik D\u00f6nem’de Yunan kentleri g\u00f6rece \u00f6zg\u00fcr ve ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z bir d\u00f6nem ya\u015fam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Antandros stratejik \u00f6nemini yitirmi\u015f olsa da, bu d\u00f6nemde de tersanelerini \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131rm\u0131\u015f ve \u0130da Da\u011f\u0131’n\u0131n g\u00fcneyinden ge\u00e7en ticaret kervanlar\u0131n\u0131n u\u011frak noktas\u0131 olmu\u015ftur.<\/p>\n
321 BC\u2014301 BC<\/h3>\n
Antigonos Monophthalmos<\/h3>\n
\u0130skender’in ani \u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcyle birlikte fethetti\u011fi geni\u015f topraklar komutanlar\u0131 aras\u0131nda kap\u0131\u015f\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Anadolu’nun egemeni tek g\u00f6zl\u00fc lakapl\u0131 Antigonos’un olmu\u015ftur. M\u00d6 301 y\u0131l\u0131nda rakipleri Lysimakhos ve Seleukos’un birle\u015fmi\u015f g\u00fc\u00e7lerine yenilmi\u015ftir ve Anadolu egemenli\u011fini Lysimakhos’a kapt\u0131rm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n
301 BC\u2014281 BC<\/h3>\n
Lysimakhos<\/h3>\n
Seleukos ile yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 sald\u0131rmazl\u0131k antla\u015fmas\u0131 yirmi sene s\u00fcren Lysimakhos, bu d\u00f6nemde Anadolu’nun tek hakimi olmu\u015ftur. M\u00d6 281 y\u0131l\u0131nda ise Isparta yak\u0131nlar\u0131ndaki Kurupedion ovas\u0131nda yap\u0131lan sava\u015fta kaybederek t\u00fcm krall\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 Seleukos’a kapt\u0131rm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n
0 \u2014 2019<\/h3>\n
Devam Edecek…<\/h3>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
\n\nBeginning from 13th century BC to the city\u2019s re-discovery in 18th century AC and to the beginning of scientific works in 2000s; here is everything about Antandros.\n<\/div>\n