{"id":1418,"date":"2019-05-28T20:06:47","date_gmt":"2019-05-28T17:06:47","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/antandros.org\/ant_wp\/?page_id=1418"},"modified":"2022-06-01T13:21:54","modified_gmt":"2022-06-01T10:21:54","slug":"antandrosun-tarihi","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/antandros.org\/en\/antandrosun-tarihi\/","title":{"rendered":"History of Antandros"},"content":{"rendered":"

Herodotus<\/strong> talks about the preparations for and the route taken by the campaign that Persian king Xerxes planned to make upon Greece in 438 BC. According to Herodotus:<\/p>\n\t

Ordu, Lydia’dan Kaikos Irma\u011f\u0131’na ve Mysia’ya y\u00f6neldi; Kaikos’u ge\u00e7tikten Sonra Kane Da\u011f\u0131’n\u0131 soluna alarak Aternaos i\u00e7inden Karene kentine do\u011fru y\u00fcr\u00fcd\u00fc. Bu kentten sonra Adramytteion kenti ve Pelasg sitesi Antandros’u ge\u00e7erek Thebe Ovas\u0131’na indi. Ve orada gece \u0130da eteklerinde konaklam\u0131\u015fken bora patlad\u0131, zigzag gezinen y\u0131ld\u0131r\u0131mlar d\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc ve olduk\u00e7a \u00f6nemli say\u0131da kay\u0131p verildi.<\/span>1<\/sup><\/a><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\"Kserkses\n\t\tKserkses \u00c7anakkale Bo\u011faz\u0131’nda\n\t

Vergilius’un ‘Aeneas’ adl\u0131 eserinde M\u00d6 1200\u2032l\u00fc y\u0131llarda Akhalar ile Troial\u0131lar aras\u0131nda \u00e7\u0131kan sava\u015f sonras\u0131nda y\u0131k\u0131lan Troia kentinden ka\u00e7an Aeneas ve yan\u0131ndakilerin bir Phryg yerle\u015fimi olan ve \u0130da Da\u011f\u0131 eteklerinde bulunan Antandros’ta donanmalar\u0131n\u0131 kurduklar\u0131ndan bahsedilir. <\/span>2<\/sup><\/a><\/span>\n

Antandros hakk\u0131nda bilgi veren antik yazarlardan biri olan\u00a0Strabon<\/strong>, ‘Geographika’ adl\u0131 kitab\u0131nda Antandros hakk\u0131nda bilgi verirken, antik yazarlardan\u00a0Alkaios<\/strong>‘un Antandros’un bir Leleg yerle\u015fimi oldu\u011fu, Skepsisli\u00a0Demetrios<\/strong>‘un ise bir Kilikia kurulu\u015fu oldu\u011fu \u015feklindeki s\u00f6zlerini aktar\u0131r. Strabon ayr\u0131ca Antandros kentinin bulundu\u011fu co\u011frafya hakk\u0131nda bilgi verir. Buna g\u00f6re:<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\"Strabon'un\n\t\tStrabon’un Geographika adl\u0131 eserinin 1620 bas\u0131m\u0131\n\t

Lekton’dan Kanaia’ya kadar olan k\u0131y\u0131ya Adramytteion K\u00f6rfezi denmektedir. Bu k\u00f6rfezin ba\u015flang\u0131\u00e7 noktas\u0131n\u0131 olu\u015fturan burun \u00fczerinde Gargara yer al\u0131r. Gargaradan sonra i\u00e7 k\u0131s\u0131mda Antandros, bununda yukar\u0131s\u0131nda Paris’in hakemlik yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 s\u00f6ylenen Aleksandreia Da\u011f\u0131 bulunur. Ayr\u0131ca \u0130da Da\u011f\u0131’ndan gelen kerestelerin pazarland\u0131\u011f\u0131 Aspaneus da burada yer al\u0131r. Daha sonra i\u00e7inde Astyrene Artemis’i i\u00e7in kutsal bir alan bulunan Astyra k\u00f6y\u00fcne gelinir. Astyra’n\u0131n yak\u0131n\u0131nda Atinal\u0131lar taraf\u0131ndan kolonize edilmi\u015f ve hem bir liman\u0131 hem de bir deniz \u00fcss\u00fcne sahip olan Adramytteion kenti yer al\u0131r. <\/span>3<\/sup><\/a><\/span><\/blockquote>\n\t

Strabon’un co\u011frafi referanslar\u0131n\u0131n yan\u0131 s\u0131ra\u00a0Stephanos Byzantion<\/strong>, kentin Edonis ve Kimmeris gibi yan adlara sahip oldu\u011funu belirtir. <\/span>4<\/sup><\/a><\/span>\u00a0Aristoteles<\/strong>, Antandros’un, Thrakia k\u00f6kenli Hedoneslilerin yerle\u015fmesinden dolay\u0131 Hedonis, y\u00fczy\u0131l boyunca s\u00fcren Kimmer yerle\u015fiminden dolay\u0131 da Kimmeris ad\u0131n\u0131 ald\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 s\u00f6yler. <\/span>5<\/sup><\/a><\/span> Kafkas halklar\u0131ndan olan Kimmerler, \u0130skit bask\u0131s\u0131 sonucu Kafkasya ge\u00e7idini a\u015farak M\u00d6 8. y\u00fczy\u0131l sonunda Do\u011fu Anadolu’ya ula\u015fm\u0131\u015flard\u0131r. Kimmerler ilk olarak Urartularla kar\u015f\u0131la\u015fm\u0131\u015f daha sonra Asurlularla sava\u015fm\u0131\u015flard\u0131r. Asur Kral\u0131 Rusa II, Kimmerlerle bir anla\u015fmaya vararak onlar\u0131 Orta Anadolu’ya y\u00f6nlendirmi\u015ftir. Kappadokia’y\u0131 ele ge\u00e7irip, Paphlagonia’ya sald\u0131rm\u0131\u015f ve Sinope’yi ele ge\u00e7iren Kimmerler, M\u00d6 696\/695 y\u0131l\u0131nda Phryg Devleti’ne sald\u0131rm\u0131\u015f ve bunun sonucunda yenilen Phryg kral\u0131 Midas’\u0131n \u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcne neden olmu\u015flard\u0131r. Daha sonras\u0131nda Lydia Devleti’ne sald\u0131ran Kimmerler, M\u00d6 663 y\u0131l\u0131nda Gyges taraf\u0131ndan yenilgiye u\u011frat\u0131lmalar\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131n, M\u00d6 652 y\u0131l\u0131nda ikinci kez Lydia’ya sald\u0131rm\u0131\u015flar; Gyges’i \u00f6ld\u00fcrm\u00fc\u015flerdir. Bu tarihten sonra Kimmerler’in bir b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc kuzeye ilerlemi\u015f ve Antandros’a yerle\u015fmi\u015flerdir. Kimmerlerin Antandros’taki i\u015fgaline M\u00d6 570\u2032li y\u0131llarda Lydia kral\u0131 Alyattes’in o\u011flu Kroisos son vermi\u015ftir. M\u00d6 508 y\u0131l\u0131nda Pers kral\u0131 Dareios’un komutanlar\u0131ndan Otanes taraf\u0131ndan ele ge\u00e7irilen kent, t\u00fcm Anadolu gibi Pers egemenli\u011fine girmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n

Antik kaynaklarda Antandros kenti ile ilgili bilgilere \u00e7ok s\u0131k rastlanmamas\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131n, kentin ad\u0131 Atina ile Sparta aras\u0131nda M\u00d6 431 y\u0131l\u0131nda ba\u015flayan ve M\u00d6 404 y\u0131l\u0131nda sona eren Peloponnesos Sava\u015flar\u0131’nda s\u0131k\u00e7a ge\u00e7er. Sava\u015f\u0131n ilk evresinde Antandros ile ilgili bilgiyi\u00a0Thukydides<\/strong>‘ten almaktay\u0131z. Lesbos adas\u0131n\u0131 ve burada yer alan Mytilene kentini ele ge\u00e7iren Atinal\u0131lar, kent halk\u0131n\u0131n bir k\u0131sm\u0131n\u0131 s\u00fcrg\u00fcne g\u00f6ndermi\u015ftir. Mytilene ve Lesbos adas\u0131n\u0131n di\u011fer b\u00f6lgelerinden s\u00fcrg\u00fcn edilen bu insanlar, yanlar\u0131na Peloponnesos’tan paral\u0131 askerler alarak Antandros’u ele ge\u00e7irirler. Bu insanlar Antandros’un, \u0130da Da\u011f\u0131’na yak\u0131n olmas\u0131 ve gemi yap\u0131m\u0131nda kullan\u0131lacak di\u011fer gere\u00e7lerin de bol olmas\u0131ndan faydalanarak gemi yapacak, b\u00f6ylece Lesbos’a sald\u0131r\u0131p geri ald\u0131ktan sonra kar\u015f\u0131 k\u0131y\u0131da yer alan di\u011fer Aiol kentlerini de ele ge\u00e7ireceklerdir. <\/span>6<\/sup><\/a><\/span>\n

Lesboslu s\u00fcrg\u00fcnlerin Antandros’u ele ge\u00e7irdikleri bu olay hakk\u0131nda\u00a0Diodoros<\/strong>‘tan da bilgi edinmekteyiz. Diodoros’un bu olayla ilgili;<\/p>\n\t

\u00a0Lesbos’ta Atinal\u0131lar\u0131n Mytilene’yi i\u015fgalinden sonra, i\u015fgalden ka\u00e7an \u00e7ok say\u0131daki s\u00fcrg\u00fcn bir s\u00fcredir Lesbos’a d\u00f6nmeye \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmaktayd\u0131 ve bu sefer Antandros’u ele ge\u00e7irmeyi ba\u015fard\u0131lar. Buray\u0131 \u00fcs ald\u0131ktan sonra Mytilene’yi elinde tutan Atinal\u0131lar ile sava\u015fa devam ettiler. <\/span>7<\/sup><\/a><\/span><\/blockquote>\n\t\t\t\t\"Lesbos,\n\t\tLesbos, Mytilene Medallion (M\u00d6 412-378)\n\t

But, short after the Lesbos exiles took Antandros, the Athenean fleet under Demodokos\u2019 and Aristides\u2019 command repossessed Antandros together with their allies. <\/span>8<\/sup><\/a><\/span> The information regarding the date of this event can be obtained from the words of Thukydides in his book \u201cWar of Pelopnnesos\u201d;<\/span><\/p>\n\t

Ayn\u0131 k\u0131\u015f, Khioslular, onlar\u0131n ayaklanmas\u0131ndan korkan Atinal\u0131lar’\u0131n (oysa Atinal\u0131lar’a rehine vermi\u015f, yasalar\u0131nda hi\u00e7 bir de\u011fi\u015fiklik yapmayacaklar\u0131n\u0131 s\u00f6ylemi\u015flerdi) iste\u011fiyle, yeni surlar\u0131n\u0131 y\u0131kt\u0131lar. K\u0131\u015f ve Thukydides’in anlatt\u0131\u011f\u0131 sava\u015f\u0131n yedi y\u0131l\u0131 sona erdi. <\/span>9<\/sup><\/a><\/span><\/blockquote>\n\t

As seven years passed since the start of the war in 431 BC, the above mentioned developments must have taken place between 425\/24 BC. Another factor supporting this chronology is Antandros\u2019 accession to Attica Delos Sea League. Reference to Antandros was first made in the tax lists of the league in which the date and amount of the taxes paid were registered. Antandros was first registered with its 15 talents tax in 425 BC. The second time we come across Antandros in the said list is in 421 BC and with a payment of 8 talents. <\/span>10<\/sup><\/a><\/span> Antandros\u2019 accession to the league must have occurred due to its annexation to Athens together with Lesbos and Mytilene. Because, in the first stages of the war, after 425 BC, Antandros falls under Athenian rule and pays taxes to the league twice in 425 and 421 BC respectively. After that date, no reference of Antandros is seen in the registration lists. The reason to this might be that the war turned against Athens after the year 415 BC. Because, Akibiades who sought refuge with the Spartans after this year, makes expeditions to western Anatolia on behalf of the Spartans in 414\/413 BC, and, as a result, takes Khios, Miletos and Mytilene out from the league. It is quite possible that Antandros as well is taken out from the league as of that year. Even if Antandros is not removed from the league then, the fact that it falls under the control of Persians in 410 BC (Persians kept a garrison under Arsekes command in Antandros between 410-408 BC) and that it becomes a Spartan supporter, would make its removal from the league natural development. <\/span><\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\"Peloponnesos\n\t\tPeloponnesos Sava\u015f\u0131 (M\u00d6 431 – 404)\n\t

Sava\u015f\u0131n ikinci evresi ile ilgili\u00a0Ksenophon<\/strong>‘un aktard\u0131\u011f\u0131 bilgiye g\u00f6re; Alkibiades komutas\u0131 alt\u0131ndaki Atina birlikleri, Mindaros komutas\u0131ndaki Peloponnesos birliklerini M\u00d6 410 y\u0131l\u0131nda Kyzikos’ta yenilgiye u\u011frat\u0131rlar. Bunun \u00fczerine Pers satrab\u0131 Pharnabazos, Peloponnesoslular’\u0131n b\u00fct\u00fcn birliklerine ve onlar\u0131n m\u00fcttefiklerine sava\u015fta kaybettikleri gemilerinin yerine yenilerini yapmalar\u0131 i\u00e7in para verip Antandros’a g\u00f6nderir. Antandros’ta gemilerin yap\u0131m\u0131 s\u0131ras\u0131nda Syrakusail\u0131lar, Antandros halk\u0131 ile i\u015fbirli\u011fi yap\u0131p y\u0131k\u0131lan surlar\u0131n\u0131n onar\u0131lmas\u0131nda onlara yard\u0131mda bulunurlar. Ayr\u0131ca Syrakusail\u0131lar n\u00f6bet tutmalar\u0131ndaki gayretleri ile Antandroslular’\u0131n takdirlerini kazanmay\u0131 ba\u015far\u0131rlar. Syrakusail\u0131lar’\u0131n sergiledikleri bu davran\u0131\u015flar\u0131 sonucunda Antandroslular, onlara vatanda\u015fl\u0131k hakk\u0131 tan\u0131rlar. <\/span>11<\/sup><\/a><\/span> Yine Ksenophon’un anlatt\u0131klar\u0131ndan; Alkibiades komutas\u0131ndaki Atina birlikleri M\u00d6 409 y\u0131l\u0131nda Byzantion’u ku\u015fat\u0131r. Burada Sparta harmostu Klearkhos ile Megaral\u0131 ve Boiotial\u0131 m\u00fcttefikleri bulunmaktad\u0131r. Klearkhos, kentin savunmas\u0131 i\u00e7in gerekli \u00f6nlemleri ald\u0131ktan sonra, kar\u015f\u0131 k\u0131y\u0131ya ge\u00e7ip Pharnabazos ile bulu\u015fur. Amac\u0131 Pharnabazos’tan askerlerin maa\u015flar\u0131n\u0131 almak, Hellespontos denizinde da\u011f\u0131n\u0131k durumda bulunan gemileri ile Trakia’da bulunan gemilerini bir araya toplamak ve Antandros’ta yeni gemiler yapt\u0131rd\u0131ktan sonra olu\u015fturaca\u011f\u0131 filo ile Byzantion’daki Atina ku\u015fatmas\u0131n\u0131 kald\u0131rmakt\u0131r. Ancak Atinal\u0131lar, i\u015fbirlik\u00e7ileri sayesinde kenti ele ge\u00e7irmeyi ba\u015far\u0131rlar. <\/span>12<\/sup><\/a><\/span> Yine bu tarihlerde Thukydides ve Diodoros’tan Antandros’ta meydana gelen farkl\u0131 bir olay hakk\u0131nda bilgi edinmekteyiz. Her iki yazar\u0131n da s\u00f6z etti\u011fi bu olay, M\u00d6 410-408 y\u0131llar\u0131nda Arsakes komutas\u0131nda Antandros’ta bulunan Pers garnizonu ile ilgilidir. Arsakes, Antandroslular’dan a\u011f\u0131r vergiler almakta ve bu durum Antandroslular’\u0131 rahats\u0131z etmektedir. Bu garnizondan kurtulmak i\u00e7in Antandroslular, Lakedaimonlular’dan asker g\u00f6ndermelerini talep ederler. Bunun sonucunda Abydos’dan gelen hoplitler Pers garnizonunu kentten kovarlar. <\/span>13<\/sup><\/a><\/span>\n

Starting from this year, the historians start referring to Antandros while talking about the events that lead to the finale of Pelopnnesos war. According to Ksenopon; Spartan king Lysanros comes to Ephesos in 407 BC. He sends for his scattered troops and sets to build ships. <\/span>14<\/sup><\/a><\/span> And then, the Spartans win the wars against the Atheneans and they also become triumphant in the Peloponnesos war.<\/span><\/p>\n

Bunlar\u0131n d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda Ksenophon, Anabasis adl\u0131 eserinde de Antandros’tan s\u00f6z eder. Tibron’un ordusuna kat\u0131lmak i\u00e7in gidenlerden biri olan Ksenophon, ge\u00e7tikleri yerleri tan\u0131mlarken Antandros’tan \u015fu \u015fekilde s\u00f6z eder:<\/p>\n\t

\u00a0Oradan Troas’\u0131n i\u00e7inden ilerlediler ve \u0130da Da\u011f\u0131’n\u0131n \u00fczerinden Antandros’a vard\u0131lar ve sonra, k\u0131y\u0131 boyunca ilerleyerek Thebes ovas\u0131na ula\u015ft\u0131lar. <\/span>15<\/sup><\/a><\/span><\/blockquote>\n\t

M\u00d6 4. y\u00fczy\u0131la gelindi\u011finde B\u00fcy\u00fck \u0130skender’in Anadolu’yu ele ge\u00e7irmesiyle beraber, Pers satrapl\u0131k merkezi Daskyleion kontrol\u00fcndeki Antandros, \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcne kavu\u015fmu\u015ftur. M\u00d6 4. y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131n ikinci yar\u0131s\u0131ndan itibaren \u00f6zg\u00fcr bir kent olarak yeniden sikke basmaya ba\u015flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Pergamon Kral\u0131 II. Eumenes zaman\u0131nda Suriye kral\u0131 III. Antiokhos ile M\u00d6 189 y\u0131l\u0131nda yap\u0131lan Magnesia Sava\u015f\u0131 ve sonras\u0131nda M\u00d6 188 y\u0131l\u0131nda imzalanan Apameia Bar\u0131\u015f\u0131 ile III. Antiokhos’un bo\u015faltt\u0131\u011f\u0131 Bat\u0131 Anadolu topraklar\u0131, Romal\u0131lar taraf\u0131ndan Pergamon ve Rodos aras\u0131nda payla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131l\u0131r. Buna g\u00f6re Maiandros’un kuzeyinde kalan t\u00fcm Bat\u0131 Anadolu topraklar\u0131 Pergamon Krall\u0131\u011f\u0131’na verilir. <\/span>16<\/sup><\/a><\/span> Bir d\u00f6nem Pergamon Krall\u0131\u011f\u0131’n\u0131n denetimi alt\u0131na giren Antandros olas\u0131l\u0131kla bu tarihten sonra Pergamon Krall\u0131\u011f\u0131’na tamamen ba\u011flanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. <\/span>17<\/sup><\/a><\/span> Roma’n\u0131n Anadolu’ya girmesinden sonra t\u00fcm Anadolu gibi Roma \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu egemenli\u011fine giren Antandros, H\u0131ristiyanl\u0131k d\u00f6neminde bir piskoposluk merkezine d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015fm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr.<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\"Marcus\n\t

Marcus Aurelius Severus Alexander (MS 222-235) d\u00f6nemine ait Antandros’ta bas\u0131lan madalyon. \u00d6n y\u00fcz\u00fcnde sa\u011fa bakan Severus Alexander portresi, arka y\u00fcz\u00fcnde Aeneias; omzunda babas\u0131 Anchises, yan\u0131nda o\u011flu Askanius ile birlikte Antandros’tan ayr\u0131l\u0131rken betimlenmi\u015ftir. Betimlemenin alt\u0131nda ‘ANTAN\u0394PI\u03a9N’ yaz\u0131s\u0131 bulunmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n\t

Orta \u00c7a\u011f’daki Arap ak\u0131nlar\u0131ndan ka\u00e7an olan halk\u0131n korunmak amac\u0131yla bug\u00fcnk\u00fc ad\u0131 \u015eahin Kale olan surla \u00e7evrili, sarp kayal\u0131k \u00fczerine ta\u015f\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131 anla\u015f\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. Yerle\u015fim alan\u0131 16. y\u00fczy\u0131lda, bug\u00fcnk\u00fc Alt\u0131noluk beldesinin eski k\u00f6y yerle\u015fiminin bulundu\u011fu alana ta\u015f\u0131nm\u0131\u015f ve piskoposluk merkezi olan yerle\u015fme, Papazl\u0131k ad\u0131n\u0131 alm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n

\n

Prof. Dr. G\u00fcrcan POLAT<\/h4>\n

Ege University Faculty of Letters, Department of Classical Archaeology<\/em><\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\n
\nThe ancient sources claim versatile historical backgrounds for Antandros, the city at the southern skirts of Ida Mountain.\n<\/div>\n
Devam\u0131 “Antandros\u2019un Tarihi”<\/span>…<\/a><\/div>\n<\/div>\n
Devam\u0131 “Antandros\u2019un Tarihi”<\/span>…<\/a><\/div>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":1423,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-1418","page","type-page","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","entry"],"wps_subtitle":"","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/antandros.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/1418","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/antandros.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/antandros.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/antandros.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/antandros.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1418"}],"version-history":[{"count":4,"href":"https:\/\/antandros.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/1418\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":4186,"href":"https:\/\/antandros.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/1418\/revisions\/4186"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/antandros.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/1423"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/antandros.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1418"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}